Beyond the Immediate Impacts of COVID-19 on Internal Population Movements in Mexico: Facebook Data Reveal Urban Decay and Slow Recovery—A Research Note

Authors

Miguel González-Leonardo

Carmen Cabrera

Ruth Neville

Andrea Nasuto

Francisco Rowe

Published

August 1, 2025

URL: https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-12183205

Summary

This research note examines how COVID-19 reshaped long-distance internal population movements in Mexico between April 2020 and May 2022. Using location data from Facebook users, the paper tracks changes in movements of more than 100 kilometres across the rural-urban hierarchy. It finds a substantial decline in long-distance mobility during 2020, especially in flows to and from large cities, followed by a gradual and uneven recovery through 2021 and 2022. The study shows how digital trace data can reveal medium-term mobility disruptions in contexts where conventional high-resolution migration statistics are limited.